ABSTRACT
@#Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is uncommon among Asian population. It is frequently associated with sight threatening complications. Simultaneous bilateral ocular involvement with different pathology is uncommon. We would like to highlight a rare case of GCA that was presented with transient visual loss over the right eye with simultaneous onset of central retinal artery occlusion as well as arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in both eyes. High dose intravenous methylprednisolone then subsequently maintenance dose of oral steroid and oral aspirin were given. His visual acuity remained the same after treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of GCA is crucial. Visual outcome can be devastating if treatment is delayed.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: diabetic eye disease is the most common cause of visual loss in adults, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR] is the main cause of blindness. This study aimed to determine the predisposing factors for PDR that were identified by fundus photography among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] at the Diabetic Clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Methods: in this retrospective study, fundus photo review was performed on patients with type 2 DM who had undergone diabetic retinopathy screening using a nonmydriatic fundus camera from January 2008 until December 2012. Fundus photos were classified into 2 groups, PDR and no apparent diabetic retinopathy [no DR]. Socio-demographic data and clinical and metabolic profiles were obtained from the medical records. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with PDR
Results: a total of 120 patients were selected, with 30 patients in the PDR group and 90 patients in the no DR group. The mean age of patients with PDR was 52 [7.94] years and was 58 [12.31] years in the no DR group. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were the most common comorbidities identified in this study. The HbA1c level >6.5% and LDL level >2.6 mmol/L were higher in the PDR group. Age [p = 0.032], duration of DM [p = 0.022], nephropathy [p = 0.002] and peripheral neuropathy [p= 0.001] were significantly associated with PDR
Conclusion: the significant predictors of PDR among patients with type 2 DM as detected by fundus photography were age, duration of DM, nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy
ABSTRACT
The reconstruction of the upper eyelid with medial canthal involvement post extensive removal of malignant tumour remains a challenge. Proper eyelid reconstruction is necessary to re-establish anatomic integrity, restoration of its functions and to maintain the best cosmetic appearance. These case reports illustrate an alternative reconstructive technique for large upper eyelid full thickness defect with medial canthal involvement. Two cases of upper eyelid tumours involving medial canthal region underwent staged reconstruction by glabellar flap advancement and reconstruction of the posterior lamellar with autologous graft using buccal mucosa and ear cartilage. The posterior lamellar graft and flap survived without any complication except for mild eyelid margin notching in one of the two cases. The staged reconstruction with glabellar flap advancement provides adequate defect coverage, excellent blood supply, maintains eyebrow contour and function of the eyelid. The flap also perfectly matches the surrounding tissue with minimal donor site morbidity.
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·AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentations of traumatic optic neuropathy and to assess the visual outcome of three groups of patients managed differently (conservative, intravenous corticosteroids only and combination of intravenous and oral corticosteroids) at an academic tertiary care referral centre.·METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted involv-ing 24 consecutive patients (27 eyes) with traumatic optic neuropathy attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2007 till December 2009.·RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (27 eyes) were included. All cases involved were male. Mean age was 33 years old. Motor vehicle accident was the major cause (83%). Both eyes were equally involved. Most of the eyes had poor vision on presentation (HM-NPL, 82%) with associated periorbital haematoma (22 eyes) and subcon-junctival haemorrhage (20 eyes). Majority of patients (19 patients, 79%) presented with more than one bony fracture of skull or orbit and 5 patients (21%) had no fractures. None of the patients had evidence of optic nerve compression on CT scans or MRI done. Eleven patients (46%) had been treated with intravenous and oral corticosteroids. The other 7 patients (29%) were treated conservatively and the third group (6 patients, 25%) was on intravenous corticosteroids only. Eleven of 12 eyes (92%) treated with intravenous and oral corticosteroids had showed 1 line improvement of visual acuity. Those eyes treated conservatively (78%) had showed 1 line improvement of visual acuity. As for patients treated with intravenous corticosteroids only, four patients remained NPL, one patient had mild visual improvement and the other one's vision remained the same. The visual improvement in patients treated with conservative management was not significant (P=0.386). Patients treated with intravenous corticosteroids alone have shown no statistical visual improvement (P<0.05). Patients treated with intravenous followed by oral corticosteroids had significant visual improvement (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in visual outcome between patients treated with corticoster-oids and patients treated conservatively (P=0.368). No patient underwent surgical decompression of the optic nerve. In this series, the follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years.·CONCLUSION: Most of the traumatic optic neuropathy patients are presented with periorbital haematoma, subconjunctival haemorrhage and orbital wall fractures. Patients treated with intravenous followed by oral corti-costeroids have better visual outcome compared to conservative management.
ABSTRACT
A 63-year-old male presented with sudden diminution of vision, eye discomfort, redness and watering in his left eye. He had undergone glaucoma valve filtering surgery for refractive secondary glaucoma one week back. He also had a history of failed augmented trabeculectomy one year earlier in the same eye. Ocular examination showed best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of 6/18 and there was a bleb leak, shallow anterior chamber and intraocular pression(IOP) of 6mmHg. Successful sealing of bleb leak was performed using fibrin glue resulted in deepening of anterior chamber with IOP of 13mmHg. This case demonstrates that, fibrin glue is an effective method for management of early filtering bleb leak.